مروری بر علل بروز، انتقال و علائم بالینی پاندمی کرونا یک بحران ناشناخته در جهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه میکروبیولوژی ، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال

2 دانشجوی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال

چکیده

در دنیای امروزی که با تهدید عوامل بیماریزا مواجه است، انسان ها ناچار به کشف راه حل های جدید برای مقابله با این عوامل هستند. SARS-CoV-2 یکی از جدیدترین عوامل تهدید کننده نسل بشر می باشد که به علت جهش هایی که در آن رخ داده است، باعث افزایش شیوع بیماری کرونا شده است. در 11 مارس 2020، سازمان بهداشت جهانی (WHO)، شیوع ویروس کرونا را یک بیماریPandemic معرفی کرد. یکی از اهداف مورد مطالعه ویروس شناسان بین المللی این است که مکانیسم های مقاومت بدن انسان های مقاوم در برابر ویروس را شناسایی کنند وازاین مکانیسم ها در جهت درمان ویا پیشگیری از بیماری کرونا استفاده کنند. حتی اگر واکسن مناسب وجود نداشته باشد، شاید از طریق مطالعه دقیق سیستم ایمنی افرادی که بهبود یافته اند، بتوان پادتن های مشابهی را جداسازی نمود که به عضله تزریق و به یکباره تعداد پادتن های تولید شده را میلیون ها برابر افزایش داد. بروز بدون علامت کرونا ویروس در افراد ممکن است یک مسئله مهم بهداشت عمومی را ایجاد کند. تصاویر سی تی اسکن یک روش بسیار خوب برای تشخیص بیماران مبتلا به پنومونی ناشی از کرونا ویروس جدید است. برای بیماری که اولین علامت او تب بوده انجام تصویربرداری CT برای او در اسرع وقت ضروری است. در این مقاله ساختار و عملکرد ویروس، جهش، مسیرهای انتقال ویروس، علائم بیماری ، تشخیص آزمایشگاهی، تفسیر تست COVID-19 ، پیشگیری، جدیدترین گزینه های درمانی و آخرین آمار مبتلایان در جهان مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of the Causes of Incidence, Transmission, and Clinical Symptoms of Coronary Pandemic: An Unknown Crisis in the World

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohaddeseh Larypoor 1
  • Mehran Abdollahi 2
1 Department of Microbiology,Faculty of Biological Sciences,Islamic Azad University,North Tehran Branch
2 Student of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch
چکیده [English]

In today's world threatened by pathogens, humans are forced to discover new solutions to these pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 is one of the newest threats to the human race, which has increased the incidence of coronary heart disease due to mutations in it. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of corona virus as a pandemic disease. One of the goals of international virologists is to identify the mechanisms of resistance of the human body to the virus and to use these mechanisms to treat or prevent coronary heart disease. That is, even if we do not know what the right vaccine is, perhaps by carefully studying the immune systems of people who have improved, we can create similar antibodies that are injected into a muscle and increase the number of antibodies produced by millions at a time. Asymptomatic outbreaks of coronavirus in individuals may pose an important public health problem. CT scans are a great way to diagnose patients with the new coronavirus pneumonia. For a patient whose first symptom is fever, CT imaging is necessary as soon as possible. This article examines the structure and function of the virus, mutations, routes of transmission, symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, interpretation of the COVID-19 test, prevention, the latest treatment options, and the latest statistics on the number of cases worldwide.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • COVID-19
  • Pandemic
  1. Review Malays J Pathol . 2020 Apr;42(1):3-11.Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2Y A Malik 1 Affiliations expand PMID: 32342926
  2. Mackenzie JS, Smith DW. COVID-19: a novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: what we know and what we don’t. Microbiology Australia. 2020;41(1):45-50.
  3. Organization WH. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 82. 2020.
  4. Banerjee A, Kulcsar K, Misra V, Frieman M, Mossman K. Bats and coronaviruses. Viruses. 2019;11(1):41.
  5. Lam TT-Y, Jia N, Zhang Y-W, Shum MH-H, Jiang J-F, Zhu H-C, et al. Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature. 2020;583(7815):282-5.
  6. Sironi M, Hasnain SE, Phan T, Luciani F, Shaw M-A, Sallum MA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2020:104384.
  7. Liu DX, Liang JQ, Fung TS. Human Coronavirus-229E, -OC43, -NL63, and -HKU1. Reference Module in Life Sciences: Elsevier; 2020.
  8. Prevention CfDCa. New Variants of the Virus that Causes COVID-19 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/transmission/variant.html2021
  9. Allergy ISfIa. Coronavirus virology http://isiaonline.org/content/119/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%87%D8%A72020
  10. Sheffield TUo. New, more infectious strain of Covid-19 now dominates global cases of virus https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/news/nr/new-strain-covid-more-infectious-1.8922762020
  11. Lewis T. How coronavirus spreads through the air: what we know so far. Scientific American. 2020.
  12. Turak N. Coronavirus particles spread by talking can remain in the air for up to 14 minutes, NIH researchers find https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/19/coronavirus-spread-by-talking-can-remain-in-air-researchers-find.html2020
  13. Larypoor M, Frsad S. Evaluation of nosocomial infections in one of hospitals of Qom, 2008. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2011;5(3):7-17.
  14. Larypoor M, Soltani M. Overview Of Air Microbial Contamination And Prevention Methods Of Nosocomial Infections. 2010.
  15. Smith T. A Supercomputer Analyzed Covid-19 — and an Interesting New Theory Has Emerged https://elemental.medium.com/a-supercomputer-analyzed-covid-19-and-an-interesting-new-theory-has-emerged-31cb8eba9d632020
  16. Gallagher JA. What are the symptoms of Corona and how can we prevent it? https://www.bbc.com/persian/science-521337242020
  17. Bursztynsky J. It may take 5 days for coronavirus symptoms to show, new study says https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/09/it-takes-an-average-of-5-days-for-coronavirus-symptoms-to-show-new-study-says.html2020
  18. Servise TDoSH. COVID-19 Testing: Molecular, Antigen, and Antibody Tests Explained. 2020:1-5.
  19. Agency TIRN. he new kit detects Corona in five minutes https://www.irna.ir/news/83733190/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC-%D8%AF%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B5-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%AF2020
  20. Health NIo. New coronavirus stable for hours on surfaces https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/new-coronavirus-stable-hours-surfaces#:~:text=The%20scientists%20found%20that%20severe,on%20plastic%20and%20stainless%20steel.2020
  21. Prevention CfDCa. Cleaning and Disinfecting Your Home https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/disinfecting-your-home.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprevent-getting-sick%2Fcleaning-disinfection.html2021
  22. Beyrer C, Baral SD, Van Griensven F, Goodreau SM, Chariyalertsak S, Wirtz AL, et al. Global epidemiology of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. the Lancet. 2012;380(9839):367-77.
  23. Singh TU, Parida S, Lingaraju MC, Kesavan M, Kumar D, Singh RK. Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19. Pharmacological Reports. 2020:1-30.
  24. Cohen J. Russia’s approval of a COVID-19 vaccine is less than meets the press release. Science (New York, NY). 2020.
  25. JG TA. Russian Vaccine Redux: EpiVacCorona “Approval” Soon? https://trialsitenews.com/russian-vaccine-redux-epivaccorona-approval-soon/2020
  26. Shumei L, Yuwei H. Patent affirms efficacy of vaccine developed by China https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1197911.shtml2020
  27. Liu A. Sinopharm chief says COVID-19 vaccine will cost less than $145 for 2-dose regimen https://www.fiercepharma.com/vaccines/china-sinopharm-chief-narrows-down-covid-19-vaccine-price-to-within-145-for-2-dose-regimen2020
  28. Post B. Chinese Covid-19 vaccine starts final tests in Brazil https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1955559/chinese-covid-19-vaccine-starts-final-tests-in-brazil2020
  29. CGTN. China-developed nasal spray vaccine for COVID-19 approved for clinical trials https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-09-09/China-approves-clinical-trials-of-nasal-spray-vaccine-for-COVID-19--TEu4sxbYAw/index.html2020
  30. Servick K. This mysterious $2 billion biotech is revealing the secrets behind its new drugs and vaccines https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/02/mysterious-2-billion-biotech-revealing-secrets-behind-its-new-drugs-and-vaccines2020
  31. Pfizer. Pfizer And Biontech Share Positive Early Data On Lead Mrna Vaccine Candidate Bnt162b2 Against Covid-19 https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-share-positive-early-data-lead-mrna2020
  32. euronews. What are the differences between the pfizer and moderna covid 19 vaccines and what are their side effects? https://per.euronews.com/2020/12/22/what-are-the-differences-between-the-pfizer-and-moderna-covid-19-vaccines2020
  33. Medicine ULC. COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Shows Promise https://www.upmc.com/media/news/040220-falo-gambotto-sars-cov2-vaccine2020
  34. Daily S. Researchers develop new microneedle array combination vaccine delivery system https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/04/200422091203.htm2020
  35. BBC. Covaxin: India to hold human trial of coronavirus vaccine in July https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-532306072020
  36. BBC. Coronavirus: Oxford vaccine triggers immune response https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-534698392020
  37. Xinhua. Germany authorizes first clinical trial of COVID-19 vaccine candidate http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-04/22/c_138999713.htm2020
  38. CSL. Partner for Covid 19 Vaccine Candidate https://www.csl.com/news/2020/20200605-uq-cepi-and-csl-partner-for-covid-19-vaccine-candidate2020
  39. Hindu T. Iran begins first human trial of locally made coronavirus vaccine https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/iran-begins-first-human-trial-of-locally-made-coronavirus-vaccine/article33445321.ece2020
  40. Peleg R. CityU researchers develop anti-bacterial graphene face masks https://www.graphene-info.com/cityu-researchers-develop-anti-bacterial-graphene-face-masks2020