نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه کسب وکار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران. تهران. ایران
2 مدرس دانشگاه فرهنگیان،پردیس شهید رجایی قزوین
چکیده
بیماری کووید-19 علاوه بر تهدید سلامت افراد، زیانهای جبرانناپذیری به بدنه اقتصاد در سطح جهانی وارد کرد و بیشتر کسبوکارها را با رکود و زیان مواجه ساخت. در این راستا، این تحقیق به دنبال ارائه الگوی مدیریت بحران در شرایط همهگیری کووید-19، با تمرکز بر مقوله تابآوری کسبوکارها است. روش پژوهش، تحلیل محتوا و کیفی است. بدین منظور چالشهای این بحران در پنج سطح مشتمل بر «منطقهای/سیاسی، جهانی، اقتصاد کلان، بنگاه و سطح خانوار» شناسایی شد. سیاستهای کسبوکار در بحران کووید-19 نیز مشتمل بر «سیاستهای جهانی، حمایتی، تجاری، مالی و سیاست پولی» مشخص گردید. مؤلفههای مدیریت بحران کووید-19 نیز مشتمل بر «معماری سازمانی، سازماندهی جهت پاسخگویی، بازطراحی مدل کسبوکار، شک و شهود، ارزیابی مستمر، اعطای اختیارات، ایمنی روانشناختی، گروههای انعطافپذیر و توانمندی حل سریع مسئله» هستند. درنهایت راهکارهای حاکمیتی و سازمانی جهت تابآوری کسبوکارها در این بحران پیشنهاد گردید. همچنین راهکارهای حاکمیتی مشتمل بر «آیندهنگاری و سناریوسازی، اولویتبندی، مراقبت از فعالیت زیرساختها، تأمین بودجه دولتی، تأمین مالی از مسیرهای جدید، شناسایی اقشار آسیبپذیر، توانمندسازی و توسعه صنایع برخط، ارائه مشوقهای مشروط، هدایت پاداشها جهت تعدیل تقاضا، فرهنگسازی جهت مشارکت و ایجاد اعتماد عمومی، تقویت، تشویق و همکاری جهت توسعه سرمایه اجتماعی (رسمی و غیررسمی)» است. راهکارهای سازمانی نیز مشتمل بر «زنجیره تأمین، مشتریان، کارکنان، مالی، تبلیغات و بازاریابی، پذیرش و قبول واقعیت و انطباقپذیری، تقویت تحقیق و توسعه و گروههای تخصصی، اشتراکگذاری اسناد و اطلاعات، شناسایی نقاط اهرمی، افرایش تحمل ابهام، همدلی همبستگی و تقویت روحیه مشارکت، ادغام و اتحاد راهبردی و ایده پردازی، نوآوری، اقدامات کارآفرینانه و ابتکاری» است.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Designing a Crisis Management Model for Business Resilience, Based on Governing and Organizational Roles (Within the period of pandemic Covid-19 )
نویسندگان [English]
- gholamhossein hosseininia 1
- marziyeh bakhtiari 2
1 Department of Business. Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran.Tehran.Iran
2 Ph.D Condidate in Entrepreneurship Management
چکیده [English]
In addition to threatening people's health, Covid-19 has inflicted irreparable damage on the world economy and has left most businesses in recession. In this regard, this study aims to provide a crisis management model (Covid-19) for business resilience. The research method is content analysis, and qualitative. In this regard, the challenges of the crisis were first identified at five levels: "regional / political, global, macroeconomic, enterprise and family level." Business policies in the Covid-19 crisis also included "global, supportive policies, Trade, Finance and Monetary Policy”. The components of covid-19 Crisis Management were also identified, including "organizational architecture, organization to respond, business model redesign, skepticism, continuous evaluation, authority, psychological safety, flexible groups and the ability to solve problems quickly." and finally, governing and organizational strategies for resilience of businesses in this crisis were proposed.
Based on this, governing strategies include “foresight and scenario building, prioritization, infrastructure activity care, government funding, financing from new routes, identifying vulnerable groups, empowering and developing online industries, providing incentives. Conditions include rewarding demand to moderate demand, creating a culture of participation and building public trust; strengthening, encouraging and cooperating to develop social capital (formal and informal). Organizational solutions also include "supply chains, customers, employees, finance, advertising and marketing, acceptance and accepting reality and adaptability, strengthening R&D and specialized teams, sharing documents and information, identifying leverage points, increasing ambiguity tolerance, empathy." "Solidarity and strengthening the spirit of cooperation, integration and strategic unity and giving ideas, innovation, entrepreneurial and innovative initiatives were also considered.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Business
- Covid-19
- Crisis Management
- Resilience Strategies
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