Measuring the Amount of Regional Resilience in Qazvin Urban Region

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assoc. Prof., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Tarbiat Modares University ,Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D Candidate., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Tarbiat Modares University ,Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Nowadays, special emphasis is put on the notion of resilience instead of vulnerability. So the need to have research in regional level is obvious, especially in Iran where there has not yet been any deep and encompassing study on the concept of resilience in regional level. The aim of this research is to assess the level of regional resilience in Qazvin Urban Region as a case study. In this applied research, descriptive-analytical- comparative method was used to identify the indicators affecting resiliency and to evaluate these indicators in Qazvin. After defining the indicators through library-based studies, the required information was gathered through population census and Qazvin Comprehensive Plan. Some data was gathered through 384 questionnaires distributed in Qazvin terminals. In order to incorporate indicators, the method of total distance from Mean was used. Based on this method, the definition of the optimal level for each index was required. The optimum level was reached after reviewing similar studies in United States (especially California) and Japan. Then the distance from optimal was calculated for index. The results illustrate that among the different dimensions of resiliency in Qazvin, institutional relationships (by 48 %) and the physical dimensions (by 45%) have more distance from optimal. "The ratio of hospital beds to population" of physical dimension, "social capital" of the social resiliency, "large-scale area business centers" of the economic resiliency and the "institutional performance" of institutional resiliency  have far distance from optimal, and need a priority in planning.

Keywords

References

  1. O'Brien, K.; Sygna L.; Haugen, J. E. (2004). Vulnerable or Resilient? A Multi-Scale Assessment of Climate Impacts and Vulnerability in Norway. Climatic change, 64 (1-2), 193-225.
  2. Turner II, BL. (2010). Vulnerability and Resilience: Coalescing or Paralleling Approaches for Sustainability Science?. Global Environmental Change, Article in Press, G Model JGEC-789.
  3. UN/ ISDR. (2005). Hyogo Framework for 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of the Nations and Communities to Disasters. www.unisdr.org/wcdr/intergover/official-docs/ Hyogo- framework action English pdf, accessed.
  4. Buckle, P.; Marsh, G.; Smale, S. (2001). Assessing Resilience and Vulnerability: Principles, Strategies and Actions. Australia: Victorian Government Publishing Services.
  5. Brenner, N. (2004). New State Spaces: Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. Commission of the European Communities (1997). Compendium of European Planning Systems (Brussels: CEC). Department of Conservation and Land Management (2005a) Cape Range National Park, Draft Management Plan (Perth, Australia: CALM).
  7. Bristow, G. (2010). Resilient Regions: Re-Placing Regional Competitiveness. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3 (1), 153-167.
  8. Ainuddin, S.; Routray, J. K. (2012). Earthquake Hazards and Community Resilience in Baluchistan. Natural Hazards, 63 (2), 909-937.
  9. Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematic, 4, 1-23.
  10. رضایی، محمدرضا (1392). ارزیابی تاب‏آوری اقتصادی و نهادی جوامع شهری در برابر سوانح طبیعی (مطالعه‏ی موردی: زلزله‏ی محله‏های شهر تهران. دوفصلنامه‏ی مدیریت بحران، دوره‏ی دوم، ش 1.
  11. Masten, A. S.; Powell, J. L. (2003). A Resilience Framework for Research, Policy and Practice. Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities, Cambridge University Press.
  12. Brand, Fridolin Simon; Jax, Kurt )2007(. Focusing the Meaning (s) of Resilience: Resilience as a Descriptive Concept and a Boundary Object. Ecology & Society12 (1), 23.
  13. Rose, A. )2004(. Defining and Measuring Economic Resilience to Disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management, 13 (4), 307-314.
  14. سهیلی‏پور، محمدصادق؛ منتظر الحجه، مهدی (1391). کنفرانس ملی مدیریت بحران، زلزله و آسیب‏پذیری اماکن و شریان‏های حیاتی.
  15. Norris, F. H. et al. (2008). Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities and Strategy for Disaster. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41 (1 & 2), 127-150.
  16. Bruneau, M. et al. )2003(. A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities. Earthquake Spectra, 19 (4), 733-752.
  17. Maguire, B.; Hagen. P. C.)2007(. Disasters and Communities: Understanding Social Resilience, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 22 (2), 16-20.
  18. Godschalk, D. (2003). Urban Hazard Mitigation: Creating Resilient Cities. Natural Hazards Review, 4 (3), 136-143.
  19. Kimhi, S.; Shamai, M. (2004). Community Resilience and the Impact of Stress, Adult Response to Israel’s Withdrawal from Lebanon. Journal of Community Psychology, 32 (4), 439-451.
  20. Sapirstein, G. (2006). Social Resilience: The Forgotten Dimension of Disaster Risk Reduction. Available on http://acds.co.za/Jamba/Sapirstein. pdf.
  21. Twigg, J. (2007). Characteristics of Adisaster-Resilient Community a Guidance note. Version 1 (for Field Testing) August 2007, for the DFID.
  22. Pendall, R., K. A. Foster; Cowell, M. (2009). Resilience and Regions: Building Understanding of the Metaphor. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3 (1), 71-84.
  23. Christopherson, S.; Michie, J.; Tyler, P. (2010). Regional Resilience: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3 (1), 3-10.
  24. Cutter, S. L. et al. (2008). A Place-Based Model for Understanding Community Resilience to Natural Disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18 (4), 598-606.
  25. Tobin, G. A. (1999). Sustainability and Community Resilience: The Holy Grail of Hazards Planning?. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 1 (1), 13-25.
  26. رضایی، محمدرضا (1389). تبیین تاب‏‏آوری اجتماعات شهری به منظور کاهش اثرات سوانح طبیعی (زلزله) (مطالعه‏ی موردی: کلان‏شهر تهران). رساله‏ی دکتری رشته‏ی جغرافیا و برنامه‏ریزی شهری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران.
  27. Jones, T. et al. (2011). Regional Planning and Resilient Futures: Destination Modeling and Tourism Development—The Case of the Ningaloo Coastal Region in Western Australia. Planning Practice and Research, 26 (4), 393-415.
  28. Zhang, X.; Yi, L.; Zhao, D. (2013). Community-Based Disaster Management: A Review of Progress in China. Natural Hazards, 65 (3), 2215-2239.
  29. Foster, K. A. (2007). A Case Study Approach to Understanding Regional Resilience. Institute of Urban & Regional Development.
  30. Dawley, S.; Pike, A.; Tomaney, J. (2010). Towards the Resilient Region?: Policy Activism and Peripheral Region Development. Spatial Economic Research Center.
  31. رفیعیان، مجتبی؛ و دیگران (1390). تبیین مفهومی تاب‏آوری و برنامه‏ریزی و (CBDM) شاخص‏سازی آن در مدیریت سوانح اجتماع‏محور، برنامه‏ریزی و آمایش فضا. مدرس علوم انسانی، 15 (4)، 19-41.
  32. Davis, I.; Izadkhah, Y. )2006(. Building Resilient Urban Communities. Article from OHI, 31, 1, 11-21.
  33. Mayunga, J. S. (2007). Understanding and Applying the Concept of Community Disaster Resilience: A Capital-Based Approach. Summer Academy for Social Vulnerability and Resilience Building, 1-16.
  34. Cutter, S. L.; Burton, C. G.; Emrich, C. T. (2010). Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarkin g Baseline Conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7 (1).
  35. Japan Census Data (2013). Statistical Handbook of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Statistics Bureau, Director General of Policy Planning and Statistical Research and Training Institute, available at
  36. United States Census Bureau (2013). “United States Census, Bureau. available at http://www.census.gov/. Accessed 23 August 2014.
  37. Maru, Y. T. (2010). Resilient Regions: Clarity of Concepts and Challenges to Systemic Measurement. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, 4 (1), 26-40.
  38. Morrow-Howell, N.; O’Neill, G.; Greenfield, J. C. (2011). Civic Engagement: Policies and Programs to Support a Resilient Aging Society. Resilience in Aging, Springer New York, 147-162.
  39. Mileti, D. (1999). Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States. National Academies Press.
  40. Burton, Christopher G. (2012). The Development of Metrics for Community Resilience to Natural Disasters, PhD Thesis, College of Arts and Sciences, California State University.
  41. مهندسین مشاور نقش‏‏جهان پارس (1389). طرح مجموعه‏ی شهری قزوین.
Emergency Management
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
February 2016
Pages 73-84

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 07 November 2014
  • Revise Date: 27 November 2015
  • Accept Date: 15 December 2015

Share

How to cite

Statistics