Perspectives of the city's vulnerability to environmental hazards and its effective components by using the Q-Method
Saeed
Amini Varaki
M.Sc student, Passive defence Eng, Malek ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Email: S.aminicivil@gmail.com
author
Mehdi
Modiri
Assist.Prof., Malek ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
Fathollah
Shamsayi Zafarghandi
PhD Candidate, Strategic management of passive defence, Supreme National Defence University, Tehran, Iran.
author
Ali
Ghanbari nasab
PhD Candidate, Department of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2015
per
Due to the interaction and interdependence between urban elements, urban vulnerability also includes all the regarded factors in a city. In other words, environmental hazards affect all parts of a city. Urban systems are under vulnerability to the environmental hazards such as natural and human construction.The occurrence of them can disrupt or stop any of functioning urban systems. Disordering in each of the systems make deficulties in the continuse operation of other systems.Thus the phenomenon of urban vulnerability make a serious impact on the whole system and hence increases the risk of crisis. By preparing urban vulnerable components and the intensity of the vulnerability in each area, the countermeasures could be implied for the targeted city. In this study, Q methodology were used for this evaluaton. It provides urban's vulnerability assessment and analysis the discursive space existing. Then a comprehensive understanding of the elements and factors influencing urban's vulnerability for environmental hazards were obtained. In addition, different perspectives in this field were identified and classified contributed from panel of experts. The findings suggest three approaches in the field of urban vulnerability. The first approach is based on the perception of passive defense and crisis management experts that gives more emphasis on the urban risky and hazardous land-uses and urban infrastructure. The second approach is based on the attitude of geography-environmental hazards experts that focuses on natural factors. Finally, the third approach is based on the attitude of urbanism, geography and urban planning experts that gives more emphasis on structural component, texture and urban density. All in all, by the integration of different perspectives, factors influencing the vulnerability of the cities were identified and determined consequently.
Emergency Management
Malek Ashtar University of Technology in collaboration with the Iranian Association of Safety Sciences
2345-3915
3
v.
ویژه نامه هفته پدافند غیر عامل 93
no.
2015
5
18
https://www.joem.ir/article_11584_103772d53db208614bfffc154614b8c0.pdf
Loss estimation of interdependent infrastructures in targeted attacks
Mohammad
Eskandari
PhD Student in GIS (Geographic Information System), Department of Civil Engineering Surveying, Malek ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
Babak
Omidvar
Associate Professor, Department of Natural Disaster Management, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Mohamad sadegh
Tavakoli Sani
- Graduated MSc. Disaster Management, Faculty of Environment, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Lifelines and infrastructures are considered as basic foundations of modern society that are involved with all needed services and facilities by the society. In the modern life, the range of dependency to these infrastructures is increasing. Thus, they become an attractive target for enemies. First, based on Varden's five rings theory, lifelines are the center of gravity in every country that in case of any destruction, defeated country will be paralyzed and will not be able to continue its vital activities. Secondly, on the basis of irregular warfare, the loss of service of the infrastructures, leading to a reduction in social welfare and the central government would be delegitimized. In addition, in order to have a better understanding of the infrastructure systems, networks dependency and their interactions in the accidents are highlighted as very important issue. The study of the interaction between water and power networks as the targeted infrastructures is the objective of this paper. In order to analysis lifelines vulnerability, water and power networks in the district of Tehran as a case study were introduced. The proposed methodology module consists of two models, graph theory and Leontief model. In this process, first, two studied networks were separately modeled based on Graph theory and then with Leontief model, the Service Flow Reduction Index was calculated for each attack scenario. These scenarios were prioritized based on the amount of damage and the remained capacity of the studied networks. Moreover, the vulnerability reduction strategies were mentioned and the effects of each one on the index were calculated. As a result, 240 scenarios in the studied district were considered. Therefore, the study was conducted for identifying the worst and the best scenario and measuring the impact of each one with the effect of dependency reduction. Finally, by considering the effect of dependency in determining the failure probability of components in the water and power networks, it can be concluded that, in some cases the dependency effect could be neglected and in some cases the effect is considerable. But in all cases, these dependencies have an ascending impact on the performance probability, and descending impact on the failure probability. According to the results, among scenarios with one targeted component, 100% vulnerability to targeted attacks, scenario 1 (explosion in water treatment A) was achieved the least serviceability index as 7.35%. Also between scenarios with more than one targeted component, scenario 10 (explosion in both water treatment A and B and substation A) was achieved the least serviceability index as 3.11%.
Emergency Management
Malek Ashtar University of Technology in collaboration with the Iranian Association of Safety Sciences
2345-3915
3
v.
ویژه نامه هفته پدافند غیر عامل 93
no.
2015
19
30
https://www.joem.ir/article_11585_3595ebc57b2c3e481500d5e5419dc81b.pdf
Providing a framework for risk assessment in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Corporate Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) based on fuzzy logic
Ali
Kalantari oskuei
PhD Student in GIS (Geographic Information System), Department of Civil Engineering Surveying, Malek ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
Mahdi
Modiri
Assoc. prof., Malek ashtar University of technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
Aliasghar
Alesheikh
Professor, Geomatics Engineerig Faculty, K.N.Toosi University of technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
Reza
Hosnavi
Associate professor, Malek ashtar University of technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2015
per
Efficient use and access to spatial data in the country need design and implementation of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). In this regard, every year numerous GIS projects are designed and implemented and recently developing spatial data infrastructures has also been considered by organizations. What seems in performing these activities has been neglected, is the lack of measures to avoid or reduce risks associated with them. Risk assessment is associated with the ambiguity and uncertainty and Fuzzy logic terminology is one of the procedures that can be used for achieving the uncertainties due to risk modeling and simultaneously helps researcher classify them. This paper presents a framework based on fuzzy logic, to study SDI/GIS risks as an integrated tool for Agricultural Organization of East Azarbaijan province. In order to conduct this research, 34 questionnaires were distributed. The risk factors were extracted from experts' opinions and then the identified risks, based on both classical and fuzzy methods were analyzed. The results showed that lack of server/backup risk has the highest risk (risk value =0.8) and insufficient funds ranked second (risk value=0.76). Also among the 10 superior ranked risks, it was observed that, the type of administrative and management risks were contributed from the majority of the cases.
Emergency Management
Malek Ashtar University of Technology in collaboration with the Iranian Association of Safety Sciences
2345-3915
3
v.
ویژه نامه هفته پدافند غیر عامل 93
no.
2015
31
44
https://www.joem.ir/article_11586_d47eaa4e280db56ac4189b3744c05244.pdf